Grounding. (A) Wet and Damp Locations. Incandescent lumin aires shall have thermal protection and shall be identified as thermally protected. The Grounding and Bonding and the NEC Section 250 Specific Grounding Problems, Installations And the National Electrical Code Requirements Testing Procedures For Industrial, Commercial And Institutional Electric Power Grounding Systems Practical Solutions To Grounding Problems After Attending, You Will Work More Safely And Efficiently In a completed installa tion, each outlet box shall be provided with a cover unless covered by means of a luminaire canopy, lampholder, recepta cle, or similar device. Dwelling Occupancies. Support. What about single pin lamps? First is the requirement for properly sized handholes, which allows the installer to make the circuit conductor connections and most importantlythe grounding connections. Construction of Flush and Recessed Luminaires (Fixtures), XIII. Therefore, these fixtures now require a disconnecting means. Bathtub and Shower Areas. (A) General. Luminaires Connected Together. The track conductors shall be a minimum 12 AWG or equal and shall be copper. 150 mm (6 in.) If you try to read the definition, it might be a little confusing trying to imagine the shape from the language. Electric-discharge luminaires equipped with a flanged surface inlet shall be permitted to be supplied by cord pendants equipped with cord connectors. All wiring must be in rigid conduit or threaded steel intermediate metal conduit and will need to have seal fittings installed per 501.15 (A). 400.10 Uses Permitted (A) Uses Flexible cords and flexible cables shall be used only for the following: Pendants. Which section of the NEC requires that at least 6" of free conductor length be left at each outlet box when cutting the branch circuit wires in preparation for connecting a light fixture? Everyone knows what a closet is, right? The basic rule here is that a pole shall have a handhole that is 2 inches by 4 inches with a suitable cover for wet locations. Splices and Taps. While it may be possible to list them together, I havent seen a fixture that is listed for another manufacturers trims. Part II of Article 410 deals with locations of luminaires and some of the conditions related to certain locations due to the hazards that may be involved. Some of the "quick" requirements include: The authority having jurisdiction (AHJ) must approve all electrical conductors and equipment [Sec. Type IC fixtures are designed to be installed in such a way that they may have insulation directly in contact with them. Luminaires identified for through- wiring, as permitted by 410.21, shall be permitted to be used as a raceway. Lamphold ers shall be constructed, installed, or equipped with shades or guards so that combustible material is not subjected to temper atures in excess of 90C (194F). Fortunately, the code gives us a great diagram with dimensions that is much easier to understand. I should mention here that we use the term luminaires as a more international reference to lighting fixtures. Where supplied by the ungrounded conductors of a circuit, the switching device of lampholders of the switched type shall simultaneously disconnect both conductors of the circuit. One word of caution with IC rated cans: make sure the proper size lamp and the matching trim is used, as these are tested using specific lamp and trim combinations to insure they do not overheat. 410.46 Equipment Grounding Conductor Attachment. One of the requirements is that these units must have a thermal protection device that will disconnect the lamp if the temperature limit is exceeded. D12 Park Trailer (See 552.47), ERP and Data Warehousing in Organizations: Issues and Challenges, ERP System Acquisition: A Process Model and Results From an Austrian Survey. General. The groun ded conductor, where connected to a screw shell lampholder, shall be connected to the screw shell. Exception No. Another requirement is that track fittings are not to be equipped with general purpose receptacles, which would make them more like a branch circuit. from combustible material and at least 75 mm (3 in.) D5(a) Multifamily Dwelling Served at 208Y/120 Volts, Three Phase, Example No. Surface-mounted fluorescent or LED luminaires shall be permitted to be installed within the closet storage space where identified for this use. Simple Reactance Ballasts. Metal Halide Lamp Containment. Article 410 provides the requirements for installing luminaires, lampholders, lamps, and decorative lighting products on circuits greater than 30V. Equipment for use with electric-discharge lighting systems and designed for an open-circuit voltage of 1000 volts or less shall be of a type identified for such service. Informational Note No. Heres a question you might have heard: where in the code do we cover holiday lighting? Exception No. Another issue when doing inspections is verifying that the required insulation clearances are present. There are issues related to combustibles due to the heat that is generated by traditional lighting methods. The terminals of an electric- discharge lamp shall be considered as energized where any lamp terminal is connected to a circuit of over 300 volts. It is part of the National Fire Code series published by the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), a private trade association. For inspectors, this was an issue when this code first went into effect, since the luminaire manufacturers left it up to the makers of the ballast, and the ballast people thought it should be up to the luminaire maker. A toggle bolt pushed through a lay-in ceiling tile will likely not be adequate. 410.130 (G) Disconnecting means. So, we have to picture the cube directly over the tub or shower, extending 3 feet out from the edge and 8 foot above the unit. Transformers shall have a secondary short-circuit current rating of not more than 150 mA if the open-circuit volt age is over 7500 volts, and not more than 300 mA if the open- circuit voltage rating is 7500 volts or less. In addition to complying with the general requirements for luminaires, such equipment shall comply with Part XII of this article. Title. Thermal insulation shall not be installed above a recessed luminaire or within 75 mm (3 in.) D2(c) Optional Calculation for One-Family Dwelling with Heat Pump(Single-Phase, 240/120-Volt Service) (See 220.82), Example D3(a) Industrial Feeders in a Common Raceway, Example No. Metal or nonmetallic poles shall be permitted to be used to support luminaires and as a raceway to enclose supply conductors, provided the following conditions are met: A pole shall have a handhole not less than 50 mm 100 mm (2 in. In indoor locations other than dwellings and associated accessory structures, fluorescent luminaires that utilize double-ended lamps and contain ballast(s) that can be serviced in place shall have a disconnecting means either inter nal or external to each luminaire. Part IV is titled Luminaire Supports. Luminaire Stems. First, certain luminaries are not permitted in clothes closets, including those with an open or partially enclosed lamp or any fixtures that are pendent hung. Lampholders Near Combustible Material. Special Provisions for Electric-Discharge Lighting Systems of 1000 Volts or Less, Equipment Not Integral with Luminaire (Fixture), XIV. Bases, Incandescent Lamps. We have two types of recessed cans (as they are commonly called): the non-IC type and the IC type; and IC stands for Insulation Contact. He holds ten inspections certifications from IAEI and ICC. More times than not, these custom one-of-a-kind units are not typically listed and labeled by a Nationally Recognized Testing Laboratory (NRTL). Lampholders installed in damp locations shall be listed for damp locations or shall be listed for wet locations. Then, if you see something that just doesnt look right during an inspection, you will know where to go to verify the code requirements. Locations Not Permitted. The reason for the no-luminaire zone is pretty obvious, we dont want them to be within reach of an occupant of the tub or shower during use. Some of the articles include provisions pertaining to switches, receptacles, switchboards and panelboards, industrial control panels, luminaires, appliances, air-conditioning and refrigeration equipment, and transformers. Since most poles are metallic, you absolutely have to make this inspection to insure they are grounded. The 2020 NEC in Article 410 contains a new Part XVI entitled Special Provisions for Horticultural Lighting Equipment. A recessed remote ballast for a high-intensity discharge luminaire shall have thermal protec tion that is integral with the ballast and shall be identified as thermally protected. They shall be securely fastened to the track, shall maintain polarization and connections to the equipment grounding conductor, and shall be designed to be suspended directly from the track. They had basically destroyed a manufactured product, and the manufacturer would no longer warranty that luminaire. Requirements here also mention that adequate wiring space shall be provided for proper connections. Where used with Edison-base lamp holders, the grounded conductor shall be identified and. Parts that must be removed for lamp replacement shall be hinged or held captive. The load and the branch-circuit rating cannot exceed the rating of the track. All recessed incandescent luminaires (fixtures) must have thermal protection. Luminaires shall not be used as a raceway for circuit conductors unless they comply with 410.64(A), (B), or (C). Independent of the Outlet Box. The electrical rating shall include the voltage and frequency and shall indicate the current rating of the unit, including the ballast, transformer, LED driver, power supply, or autotransformer. It is part of the National Fire Code series published by the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), a private trade association. The ballast of a fluorescent luminaire installed indoors shall have integral thermal protec tion. Chapter 3: Wiring Methods and Materials. They must be installed so that any adjacent combustible material will not be subjected to a temperature higher than 90C (194F). 150 mm (6 in.) Recessed lighting is an item I emphasize as one of the most important items for inspections. Lampholders. 410.52 Conductor Insulation. Please read the locations where track lighting is not permitted; you will find nine locations listed in 410.151(C). Luminaires (Fixtures) over Combustible Material. Wet and Damp Locations. Remember that this is a minimum requirement, and the weight of some of the track luminaires with fluorescent (ballast) or LED drivers may be quite heavy. In addition to the provisions of 410.82(A), portable handlamps shall comply with the follow ing: Metal shell, paper-lined lampholders shall not be used. Where they are not internal, they shall be a single device and attached to the luminaire or within sight. No solder shall be used in the construction of a luminaire recessed housing. The idea with this code requirement is that we dont want a heat source, the luminaire, to be in contact with anything that may be stored there. Five exceptions exist in the 2011 Code, so please review. The two that stand out are where subject to physical damage, which to date the NEC cant or wont define, and wet or damp locations. When inspecting the supports, please remember 410.154 Fastening, which states that it shall be securely mounted so that each support is suitable for the weight of the luminaires that can be installed. NEC Article 410 contains requirements for installing _____. I will not go into detail here, but the scope has a laundry list of items and you will find that it is pretty exclusively related to lighting products and devices. The free lead at the end of a group of showcases has a female fitting not extending beyond the case. Handlamps shall be equipped with a handle of molded composition or other insulating material. Separately mounted ballasts, trans formers, LED drivers, or power supplies that are listed for direct connection to a wiring system shall not be required to be additionally enclosed. Thermal Protection Fluorescent Luminaires. Outlet boxes or fittings installed as required by 314.23 and complying with the provisions of 314.27(A)(1) and 314.27(A)(2) shall be permitted to support luminaires. Tension. For example, if we install an 8-inch diameter drum type fixture that uses incandescent lamps, we find that the fixture must have a 12-inch clearance to the storage location. Part XII. The National Electrical Code (NEC), or NFPA 70, is a regionally adoptable standard for the safe installation of electrical wiring and equipment in the United States. Listed clips identified for use with the type of ceiling framing member(s) and lumin aire(s) shall also be permitted. (D) Bathtub and Shower Areas. Luminaires, portable luminaires, lamphold ers, and lamps shall have no live parts normally exposed to contact. A metal pole with a hinged base shall have the hinged base and pole bonded together. General-purpose electrical equipment includes heaters, switches, receptacles, and cords. Lighting track shall be grounded in accord ance with Article 250, and the track sections shall be securely coupled to maintain continuity of the circuitry, polarization, and grounding throughout. Refer to 310.15 or 310.60 for 14 AWG and larger conductors. For double end lamp luminaires, this disconnect shall be located so as to be accessible to the person before servicing the ballast, so generally these are being installed inside the luminaire. Fire-Resistant Construction. Luminaires over Combustible Material. Luminaires and equipment shall be mechanically connected to an equipment grounding conductor as specified in 250.118 and sized in accordance with 250.122. The means for providing illumination has gone through numerous changes over the centuries, from oil lamps to incandescent bulbs, to fluorescent tubes and LEDs. for surface-mounted fluorescent lumin aires installed on the wall above the door or on the ceil ing. for an incandescent luminaire (fixture) and 150 mm (6 in.) The 2020 NEC in Article 410 contains a new Part XVI entitled Special Provisions for Horticultural Lighting Equipment. A metal pole shall be provided with an equipment grounding terminal as follows: A pole with a handhole shall have the equipment grounding terminal accessible from the handhole. It is also possible that the lamp socket bracket may have been pushed up too far, thereby causing a heating problem that has the thermal device shutting off the light. C. Construction Specifications 330.104 Conductors Part III. Metallic guards shall be grounded by means of an equip ment grounding conductor run with circuit conductors within the power-supply cord. Secondary Conductors. Transformers shall be located so that adjacent combustible materials are not subjec ted to temperatures in excess of 90C (194F). If the wiring system provides a means of grounding, exposed conductive parts must be grounded. Luminaire Types Permitted. The luminaire (fixture) construction must ensure that the combustible material will not be subjected to temperatures over 194F. If they were installed in a ceiling, we had the installer frame a box out around the fixtures to maintain the required 3 inch clearance from insulation. The fixtures must be installed in a manner so that water will not enter or collect in the lampholder, wireway, etc. Type. Luminaires shall be permitted to be installed in commercial cooking hoods where all of the follow ing conditions are met: The luminaire shall be identified for use within commer cial cooking hoods and installed such that the tempera ture limits of the materials used are not exceeded. Marking. Exposure to Damage. GET YOUR CEUS TODAY, 1998-2021. If you see some round insulation pieces with foil on one side laying on the ground in rooms that have surface-mounted fixtures, have the electrician drop the fixture and see if the remnants of some insulation are still glued to the top of the fixture. 1: See 225.26 for restrictions for support of overhead conductors. Lamps shall not be located where normally exposed to physical damage. Is a small pantry with a door in your kitchen considered a closet? 410.68 Feeder and Branch-Circuit Conductors and Ballasts. This term is not to be confused with luminary, which is defined as an important person. Adjacent to Combustible Materials. The last item I will cover in this article is Part XIV Lighting Track, or as it is more commonly called, track lighting. or exceeds 400 mm (16 in.) Thanks again for reading and please remember that these articles are written in such a manner that I point out common items we need to know as inspectors, no matter what your background is. No unnecessary splices or taps shall be made within or on a luminaire.Informational Note: For approved means of making connec tions, see 110.14. This article continues to grow as new lighting technology is developed. (12.7mm) from combustible materials. Conductors that have insulation suitable for the temperature encountered shall be used. Lampholders installed over highly combustible material shall be of the unswitched type. Surface-mounted luminaires (fixtures) can be installed on the wall above the door or on the ceiling. Informational Note: Combustible low-density cellulose fiber board includes sheets, panels, and tiles that have a density of 320 kg/m3(20 lb/ft3) or less and that are formed of bonded plant fiber material but does not include solid or laminated wood or fiberboard that has a density in excess of 320 kg/m3(20 lb/ft3) or is a material that has been integrally treated with fire-retarding chemicals to the degree that the flame spread index in any plane of the material will not exceed 25, deter mined in accordance with tests for surface burning characteris tics of building materials. The track system ends shall be insulated and capped. A pole with a hinged base shall have the equipment grounding terminal accessible within the base.Exception to (3): No grounding terminal shall be required in a pole2.5 m (8 ft) or less in height abovegrade where the supply wiring method continues without splice or pull, and where the interior of the pole and any splices are accessible by removing the luminaire. Wiring on or within luminaires shall be neatly arranged and shall not be exposed to physical damage. Conductors in vertical poles used as raceway shall be supported as provided in 300.19. The issue here is that these luminaires have the possibility of generating a lot of heat, and the lamp is designed to be installed inside a metallic housing, which is then installed at the top of a room in the ceiling. Electric-discharge and LED luminaires surface mounted over concealed outlet, pull, or junction boxes and designed not to be supported solely by the outlet box shall be provided with suitable openings in the back of the luminaire to provide access to the wiring in the box. As a matter of fact, it is harder to find luminaires in these sizes that are not IC rated. Since the closet doors are generally closed, if the fixture is left on and overheats items in the closet, the resulting fire could go unnoticed for quite some time. Electric-Discharge Lamp Auxiliary Equipment. Insulating joints that are not designed to be mounted with screws or bolts shall have an exterior metal casing, insulated from both screw connections. tion of any part of the wiring unless the luminaires are connec ted by attachment plugs and receptacles. You cannot have any part of a suspended fixture (i.e., the cord, pendant chain, etc.) The next important item is 410.6, which states that all luminaires and lamp holders shall be listed. a. The luminaire shall be constructed so that all exhaust vapors, grease, oil, or cooking vapors are excluded from the lamp and wiring compartment. One important requirement to note is that a fixture can be supported from an outlet box if the outlet box is required by 314.23 and complies with 314.27 (A) and 314.27 (B). Installation. Only luminaires of the following types shall be permitted in a closet: Surface-mounted or recessed incandescent or LED luminaires with completely enclosed light sources, Surface-mounted or recessed fluorescent luminaires, Surface-mounted fluorescent or LED luminaires identi fied as suitable for installation within the closet storage space. The design of the single-end luminaires is such that the non-spring tombstone (where the pin inserts into the lamp holder) has two contacts; one is the line voltage and the other is connected to the ballast. The fittings cannot have general-purpose receptacles. Article 110 of the National Electrical Code (NEC) covers the general requirements for the examination and approval, installation and use, access to, and spaces about electrical equipment. Wiring methods and materials supplying the luminaire(s) shall not be exposed within the cooking hood. After a while, the inspectors actually began to know and recognize the products and the trims on sight.
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